In this tutorial, we would make you acquainted with the primary sections of an elemental WebDriver test script. We would create a sample Selenium WebDriver script  for login functionality to make you familiar with code and strategy.

Before starting with the test script creation, let us take a moment to introduce you with the Application under Test (AUT) and the test scenario, we desire to automate.

As said, we would use “yahoomail.com” as an application under test. The scenario to be automated is as following:

– Launch the web browser and open “yahoomail.com”.

– Verify the page title to check if the correct page is launched.

– Enter an invalid username and password.

– Click on login button

– Verify that error message is displayed for authentication failure.

We are assuming that you have already downloaded and installed Selenium WebDriver on your system. Users who have not yet downloaded or installed Selenium WebDriver can read our article on “WebDriver Installation” from here.

Test Script Creation

For ease of understanding, let us discuss the process in steps:

Note: To create Java project inside the Eclipse IDE, refer this article.

Step 1: Create a new Junit test case named as “YahooInvalidLogin” under the java project inside the Eclipse IDE. Follow the steps below to create a test class.

– Right click on the project ->  New -> Junit Test Case.

– Name the Junit test case as “YahooInvalidLogin”. Check the checkboxes for setUp() and tearDown() methods. Click on the Finish button.

– Now the test class is in place and the user would be able to see the test class as below:

Sample Code

import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
public class YahooInvalidLogin {
    // Create WebDriver instance
    WebDriver driver;

    @Before
    public void setUp() throws Exception {
        // Initialize the WebDriver instance using FirefoxDriver and launch the web browser
        driver = new FirefoxDriver();
        // Open the application - "https://login.yahoo.com/"
        driver.get("https://login.yahoo.com/");
        // Maximize the current window
        driver.manage().window().maximize();
    }
    @Test
    public void testYahooInvalidLogin() throws Exception {
        // Verify the page title to check if the correct page is launched
        String pageTitle = driver.getTitle();
        if (!pageTitle.equals("Sign in to Yahoo"))
        {
            System.out.println("Launched the incorrect webpage");
	     tearDown();

        }        
        
        // Enter an invalid username and password
        WebElement TB_Username = driver.findElement(By.id("username"));        
        TB_Username.sendKeys("InvalidUsername");
        
        WebElement TB_Password = driver.findElement(By.id("passwd"));        
        TB_Password.sendKeys("InvalidPassword");
        
        // Click on login button
        WebElement BTN_Login = driver.findElement(By.id(".save"));        
        BTN_Login.click();
        // Wait for authentication process
        Thread.sleep(3000);
        
        //    Verify that error message is displayed for authentication failure.
        String InvalidLoginMessage = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//fieldset[@id='fsLogin']//div")).getText();
        if (InvalidLoginMessage.equals("Invalid ID or password."))
        {
            System.out.println("Correct message is displayed");
        }
        else
        {
            System.out.println("Incorrect message is displayed");
        } 
    }
    @After
    public void tearDown() {
        // Quit the launched web browser
        driver.quit();
    }
}

Code Overview

Import Statements

import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;

Before moving to the coding section, import the following packages.

– import org.junit.Before – The statement makes the junit Before package available. Thus, now the user can use the Before annotation of Junit. Take a note that the user can use the before annotation to annotate the code /method to be executed before the actual test scenario. The code may be used to initialize variables etc.

– import org.junit.After – The statement makes the junit After package available. Thus, now the user can use the After annotation of Junit. Take a note that the user can use the after annotation to annotate the code /method to be executed after the actual test scenario. The code may be used to quit the web browser etc.

– import org.junit.Test – The statement makes the junit Test package available. Thus, now the user can use the Test annotation of Junit. Take a note that the user can use the test annotation to annotate the code /method that contains the actual test scenario. The code may be used to quit the web browser etc.

– All the other import statements are used to be able to use WebDriver artifacts like browser driver, element locating strategies etc.

Initialization steps

WebDriver driver;

In the above step, we create reference variable for WebDriver. Thus, the same variable now can be used across the entire class to perform actions.

Launching Web Browser

driver = new FirefoxDriver();

Open the application under test

driver.get("https://login.yahoo.com/");

Perform Actions

User can perform number of actions using the WebDriver instance and dynamic finders. Dynamic finders are used to locate the elements on the webpage. The elements can be located using different locator types.

WebElement TB_Username = driver.findElement(By.id("username"));    

Quiting the browser

driver.quit();

Execution and Reporting

The user would be able to see the following Junit execution report.

Conclusion

The tutorial was all about script creation in WebDriver. I hope it made a clear picture into your minds about the constituents of a basic WebDriver script.